Currents in Judaism:

Aside

Samaritans

Pharisees

Sadducees

Karaites

Guerras (persons who are not Jews but have decided to become Jews)

Krymchaks (the descendants of the Genoese, who converted to Judaism)

Hasina (on the territory of Zap. Ukraine – the belief in Kabbalah, cabbalism)

Managed

Ticket 17. Judaism: the main trends. Judaism in Russia

The direction of Judaism:

1. In the Orthodox direction, it is claimed that the world is changing, but the laws of God are eternal. The Orthodox always wear headdresses and observe all the rites and rules of Judaism.
2. The direction of the reformists arose in the XVIII century. its representatives believe that changes in the world should be accompanied by the adaptation of certain parts of the doctrine to new conditions
3. Contemporary. Representatives put forward their options for adapting Judaism to specific conditions of place and time

Currents in Judaism:

Assidui (pious Jews)

The Samaritans (just over 700 representatives) are a religious community that appeared in the Holy land after the fall of the Kingdom of Israel (722 BC). When the Jews returned from Babylonian captivity, the Samaritans, according to the Book of Ezra, offered to help them restore the Temple, but this offer was rejected. Then the Samaritans built their own temple on mount Gerizim (near modern shkhem).

The Pharisees (“the separated”) is the most zealously observe the rules of Judaism. It is believed that they defend the interests of the entire Jewish people.

Pharisees called representatives of the religious movement (sect) in ancient Judea (II century BC — II century ad), which arose after the release of the Jews from the Egyptian captivity. For the Pharisees was typical ecstasy own learning, scriptural knowledge, and macgearailt in defending his opinions, hypocrisy, and bigotry as piety did not prevent Kbyte arrogant, greedy, etc. All their religious ceremonies they made Slovenes, showing all others their piety.

Hence also “Pharisaism” – hypocrisy and hypocrisy, which is based on a certain creed, political doctrine, etc. (iron., disapproving., despises.).

Karaites. Karaites are organized in Baghdad by Anan Ben David (740-800). The word Karaim is derived from the word Karaim – reader. They consider the Written Torah to be the basis of the teaching of Judaism. From the Talmud, they refused.

Hera – persons of non-Jewish nationality who decided to become Jews

Krymchaks are a Turkic-speaking ethnic group formed in Crimea in the middle ages. Its ethnic roots and ethnogenesis still do not have a generally accepted scientific explanation. They profess Orthodox Judaism.

Hasidism.

An offshoot of Orthodox Judaism. The word Hasid (“pious”) was already used by European Jews in the XII-XIII centuries to those co-religionists who believed that self-sacrificing love for God and others is higher than the letter of the Law.

In a separate direction in Judaism Hasidism developed in the XVIII century on the territory of Poland and Ukraine. In the first place Hasidic prayer and service to the neighbor. In Hasidism, an important role was given to charismatic teachers-Tzadik(righteous) as intermediaries between believers and God.

Zionism (from the name of mount Zion in Jerusalem) is a Jewish national movement whose goal is to unite and revive the Jewish people in their historical homeland – in Israel (Eretz Israel), as well as the ideological concept on which this movement is based.

The founder of this direction is considered to be Theodore (Benjamin-seev) Herzl

Judaism in Russia. Judaism is one of the religions of Russia. In the Federal law on freedom of conscience and religious associations, Judaism is listed among the religions that make up an integral part of the historical heritage of the peoples of Russia.

On the territory of the future Russian Federation, Judaism has existed since antiquity-the Jews are known in the Bosporus Kingdom, which included the Taman Peninsula and adjacent territories. In the Middle ages, Judaism professed one of the neighboring Kievan Rus powerful States-the Khazar Khaganate. In Kiev, the Jewish community has been known since the X century.the so-called Kiev letter is the oldest written monument of Russia.